Standard Deviation Calculator

Calculate standard deviation, variance, mean, and other descriptive statistics.

Enter Your Data

10 values entered
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Calculation Type

Use when analyzing a sample from a larger population.

Data Distribution

μ±σ
Sample Standard Deviation

0

s = √(Σ(xᵢ - μ)² / N-1)

Mean (μ)

0

Variance

0

CV

0%

Count

0

Median

0

Mode

None

Range

0

Min

0

Max

0

Standard deviation quantifies how far data points typically fall from the average. Low SD means values cluster near the mean; high SD means wider dispersion.

What standard deviation tells you

Mean gives the center of data; standard deviation gives the spread. In finance, SD of returns measures volatility. In manufacturing, SD tracks process consistency.

Variance is SD squared. SD restores units (e.g. dollars, kg) making interpretation easier than variance alone.

Population vs sample formulas

Choose population formulas when your dataset is complete. Use sample formulas with n−1 (Bessel’s correction) when inferring about a larger group.

Standard deviation is the square root of variance, restoring the same units as your original data.

Population SD

Sample SD

Variance

Interpreting results

Coefficient of variation (CV) helps compare spread when means differ—e.g. SD of 2 on mean 10 (CV 20%) vs SD of 5 on mean 100 (CV 5%).

For normally distributed data, about 68% of values fall within one SD of the mean, and ~95% within two SDs.

Last updated: August 6, 2026

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